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Stylistics is the study and interpretation of texts in regard to their linguistic and tonal style. As a discipline, it links literary criticism to linguistics. It does not function as an autonomous domain on its own, and can be applied to an understanding of literature and journalism as well as linguistics.〔Widdowson, H.G. 1975. Stylistics and the teaching of literature. Longman: London. ISBN 0-582-55076-9〕〔Simpson, Paul. 2004. Stylistics : A resource book for students. Routledge p. 2: "Stylistics is a method of textual interpretation in which primacy of place is assigned to language".〕〔(Attenborough, F. (2014) 'Rape is rape (except when it's not): the media, recontextualisation and violence against women', Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict, 2(2): 183-203. )〕 Sources of study in stylistics may range from canonical works of writing to popular texts, and from advertising copy to news,〔Davies, M. (2007) The attraction of opposites: the ideological function of conventional and created oppositions in the construction of in-groups and out-groups in news texts, in L. Jeffries, D. McIntyre, D. Bousfield (eds.) Stylistics and Social Cognition. Amsterdam: Rodopi.〕 non-fiction, and popular culture, as well as to political and religious discourse.〔Simpson, Paul. 2004. Stylistics: A resource book for students. Routledge p. 3: "The preferred object of study in stylistics is literature, whether that be institutionally sanctioned 'literature' as high art or more popular 'non-canonical' forms of writing.".〕 Indeed, as recent work in Critical Stylistics,〔Jeffries, L. (2010) Critical Stylistics. Basingstoke: Palgrave.〕 Multimodal Stylistics 〔Montoro, R. (2006) Analysting literature through films, in G. Watson, S. Zyngier (eds.) Literature and Stylistics for Language Learners: Theory and Practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave, pp. 48-59.〕 and Mediated Stylistics 〔Attenborough, F. (2014) Jokes, pranks, blondes and banter: recontextualising sexism in the British print press, Journal of Gender Studies, 23(2): 137-154.〕 has made clear, non-literary texts may be of just as much interest to stylisticians as literary ones. Literariness, in other words, is here conceived as 'a point on a cline rather than as an absolute'.〔Jeffries, L., McIntyre, D. (2010) Stylistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 2.〕〔Carter, R., Nash, W. (1990) Seeing through Language: a guide to styles of English writing. Oxford: Blackwell.〕 Stylistics as a conceptual discipline may attempt to establish principles capable of explaining particular choices made by individuals and social groups in their use of language, such as in the literary production and reception of genre, the study of folk art, in the study of spoken dialects and registers, and can be applied to areas such as discourse analysis as well as literary criticism. Common features of style include the use of dialogue, including regional accents and individual dialects (or ideolects), the use of grammar, such as the observation of active voice and passive voice, the distribution of sentence lengths, the use of particular language registers, and so on. In addition, stylistics is a distinctive term that may be used to determine the connections between the form and effects within a particular variety of language. Therefore, stylistics looks at what is 'going on' within the language; what the linguistic associations are that the style of language reveals. ==Early twentieth century== The analysis of literary style goes back to the study of classical rhetoric, though modern stylistics has its roots in Russian Formalism〔Lesley Jeffries, Daniel McIntyre, ''Stylistics'', Cambridge University Press, 2010, p 1. ISBN 0-521-72869-X〕 and the related Prague School of the early twentieth century. In 1909, Charles Bally's ''Traité de stylistique française'' had proposed stylistics as a distinct academic discipline to complement Saussurean linguistics. For Bally, Saussure's linguistics by itself couldn't fully describe the language of personal expression.〔Talbot J. Taylor, ''Mutual Misunderstanding: Scepticism and the Theorizing of Language and Interpretation'', Duke University Press, 1992, p 91. ISBN 0-8223-1249-2〕 Bally's programme fitted well with the aims of the Prague School.〔Ulrich Ammon, ''Status and Function of Languages and Language Varieties'', Walter de Gruyter, 1989, p 518. ISBN 0-89925-356-3〕 Taking forward the ideas of the Russian Formalists, the Prague School built on the concept of ''foregrounding'', where it is assumed that poetic language is considered to stand apart from non-literary background language, by means of ''deviation'' (from the norms of everyday language) or ''parallelism''.〔Katie Wales, ''A Dictionary of Stylistics'', Pearson Education, 2001, p 315. ISBN 0-582-31737-1〕 According to the Prague School, however, this background language isn't constant, and the relationship between poetic and everyday language is therefore always shifting.〔Rob Pope, ''The English Studies Book: an Introduction to Language, Literature and Culture'', Routledge, 2002, p 88. ISBN 0-415-25710-7〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stylistics (field of study)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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